2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(11): 5030-5039 一種生物處理豆粕對保育豬生長性能及免疫狀況的影響
J. R. Koepke, R. S. Kaushik, W. R. Gibbons, M. Brown and C. L. Levesque
試驗選用239頭斷奶仔豬（初始重6.56±0.87kg），進行為期35天的試驗，研究一種生物發酵豆粕替代日糧中魚粉或血漿蛋白對生長性能和免疫狀況的影響。按初始重和性別將豬只隨機分為4個處理組，每個處理10個圈（重復）。處理組分別為：對照組（玉米豆粕日糧，含血漿蛋白和魚粉）、替代魚粉組（生物處理豆粕替代對照組日糧中的魚粉）、替代血漿組（生物處理豆粕替代對照組日糧中的血漿蛋白）、全替代組（生物處理豆粕替代對照組日糧中的魚粉和血漿）。試驗日糧分為階段一（斷奶后1-7天）和階段二（斷奶后8-21天），隨后飼喂相同的階段三（斷奶后22-35天）日糧。每個階段測量采食量和體重。在第7天和21天豬只進行卵清蛋白（OVA）和白念珠菌（CAA）免疫接種。豬只免疫反應在斷奶后第14天由絲裂原刀豆蛋白A和植物血球凝集素引起的淋巴細胞增殖來評估，在斷奶后第28天由卵清蛋白和白念珠菌引起的皮膚過敏（注射后第2、6、24、48小時局部腫脹增加的比例）來評估，以及第21天和28天抗卵清蛋白的初級IgG和次級IgG來評估。階段一和階段二結束時，對照組豬只體重顯著高于替代血漿組和完全替代組，而與替代魚粉組無顯著差異。階段一結束時，對照組、替代魚粉組、替代血漿組、全替代組豬只體重分別為 6.99、6.80、6.52、6.60 kg，Pooled SEM為0.08；階段二結束時，體重分別為 12.47、12.18、11.42、11.85 kg，Pooled SEM為0.21。對照組、替代魚粉組、替代血漿組豬只對卵清蛋白的過敏反應在第2h達到峰值，而全替代組豬只過敏反應在第6h達到峰值。第2h時，各組紅腫區域比值分別為 121.4、165.6、139.0、144.1%（pooled SEM 22.9），第6h時，各組紅腫區域比值分別為 86.7、114.5、95.0、156.8%（pooled SEM 29.4）。各組豬只對白念珠菌的免疫反應在第2h時達到高峰期（各組分別為 42.6、55.2、48.2、50.6%，pooled SEM 11.9）。試驗日糧在任何時間點都對過敏反應沒有任何顯著影響。與替代血漿組和全替代組相比，光密度數據表明對照組豬只次級抗卵清蛋白IgG含量降低一半（405nm處光密度分別為0.78VS. 1.56和1.55，pooled SEM 0.42）。日糧處理不影響淋巴細胞增殖。生長數據表明，生物處理豆粕是斷奶日糧和保育前期日糧中魚粉和血漿蛋白的合適替代原料。其對OVA過敏反應時間的延長表明，生物處理豆粕可能改善豬只的免疫功能，而抗卵清蛋白IgG含量增加兩倍意味著需要更加深入的研究生物處理豆粕對豬免疫功能的影響。
Evaluation of a bioprocessed soybean mealon nursery pig performance and immune status
J. R. Koepke, R. S. Kaushik, W. R. Gibbons, M. Brown and C. L. Levesque
A total of 239 pigs (initial BW 6.56 ± 0.87kg, 21 d of age) were used in a 35-d study to investigate the effects of fishmeal (FM) and spray dried plasma (SDP) in combination with a bioprocessed soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance and immune responses in weaned pigs. Equal numbers of barrows and gilts were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment) according to initial BW and sex: positive control (CON; corn/SBM diet) containing SDP and FM, the CON with bioprocessed SBM replacing FM (BPSBM+SDP), the CON with bioprocessed SBM replacing SDP (BPSBM+FM), and the CON with bioprocessed SBM replacing both SDP and FM (BPSBM). Experimental diets were fed in Phase I (d 1-7 post-wean) and II (d8-21) followed by a common Phase III diet (d 22-35); changes in BW and feed disappearance were determined accordingly. Pigs were sensitized against ovalbumin (OVA) and Candida albicans (CAA) on d 7 and 21. Assessment of immune response was based on lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin (d 14 post-wean), dermal hypersensitivity to OVA and CAA (% increase in local swelling at 2, 6, 24, and 48 h post-injection) on d28, and primary and secondary anti-OVA IgG at d 21 and 28, respectively. Pigs fed CON were heavier (P < 0.01) than pigs fed BPSBM+FM and BPSBM, and not different from pigs fed BPSBM+SDP, at the end of Phase I and II (6.99, 6.80,6.52, or 6.60 kg, pooled SEM 0.08, respectively in Phase I or 12.47, 12.18,11.42, and 11.85 kg, pooled SEM 0.21, in Phase II, respectively). Hypersensitivity to OVA peaked at 2h in pigs fed CON, BPSBM+SDP, and BPSBM+FM or peaked at 6h in pigs fed BPSBM (121.4, 165.6, 139.0, and 144.1%, pooled SEM 22.9, respectively, at 2 h and 86.7, 114.5, 95.0, and 156.8%, pooled SEM 29.4,respectively at 6 h). Peak response to CAA occurred at 2h in all groups (42.6, 55.2, 48.2, and 50.6%, pooled SEM 11.9, respectively, in the CON, BPSBM+SDP, BPSBM+FM, and BPSBM, respectively). There was no difference in hypersensitivity due to experimental diet at any time point. Secondary anti-OVA IgG was 2-fold lower based on optical density values in pigs fed CON compared with BPSBM+FM and BPSBM (0.78 vs. 1.56 and 1.55 optical density at 405 nm, pooled SEM 0.42, respectively). Dietary treatment did not impact lymphocyte proliferation. The bioprocessed SBM is a suitable alternative for FM and/or SDP in Phase I and II nursery diets based on pig growth. The prolonged hypersensitivity to OVA indicate that bioprocessed SBM may have a positive impact on pig immune function and the 2-fold increase in anti-OVA IgG warrants further investigation on the impact of bioprocessed SBM on pig immune function.