Anorexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production · 感染乳區熱、腫、痛
Hot swollen painful infected quarter
· 乳有顯著變化—絮片，凝塊，化膿或水樣
Gross changes in the milk – flakes, clots, purulent or watery 壞疽性乳房炎（藍袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)
非常嚴重的全身癥狀Very severe systemic signs
從熱乳區到冷乳區發展，變成藍色
Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration · 如果奶牛幸存，在14天內形成區域性腐肉
Area sloughs in ~ 14 days if cow survives
慢性乳房炎
Chronic Mastitis· 細菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微膿腫，間歇性排出細菌
Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteria
間歇發作臨床性乳房炎
Intermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis
亞臨床性乳房炎
Sub-Clinical Mastitis· 乳無可視變化 No visible changes in the milk · 所有乳房炎病例的90%是亞臨床性乳房炎（70%的經濟損失來自乳房炎）
90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis) · 在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亞臨床性乳房炎是最昂貴的疾病
Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows
體細胞計數高 High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
可偶爾發作成臨床性乳房炎
May occasionally flare-up to clinical 診斷
Diagnosis· 根據臨床癥狀，SCC和臨床病例的細菌培養
Based on clinical signs, SCC and culture of clinical cases 鑒別診斷
Differential Diagnosis
無乳鏈球菌 Streptococcus agalactiae
牛型支原體 Mycoplasma bovis
引起環境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis
實驗室和病理學診斷Laboratory and Pathology
感染牛群中SCC高 High SCC in infected herd
感染牛只SCC高 Infected cows have high SCC
從臨床感染牛做乳細菌培養Culture milk from clinically infected cows
必須區分其他原因引起的乳房炎
Must differentiate from other causes of mastitis
大批乳桶細菌培養可作為篩選試驗
Bulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test · 當細菌間歇性排出時，如果做一次培養可能發現不了細菌，
May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed · 連續三次培養結果陰性，要求排除葡萄球菌
Three negative cultures on subsequent days required to rule out Staphylococcus 治療
Treatment
臨床病例用全身性抗生素和支持療法治療Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment
· 因感染的乳腺中遍布微膿腫，所以治愈率低，
Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland
預防是關鍵 Prevention is the key
預后情況
Prognosis
很難治愈 Poor for cure
后遺癥Sequelae
成為帶菌牛 Carrier cows
產奶量的損失
Loss of milk production
預防
Prevention & Control
阻止傳播是基本的預防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control擠奶程序和衛生設備
Milking Procedure and Sanitation
Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels 4. 如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒劑
Disinfectant in wash solution if used 5. 只洗臟的奶牛，洗后必須完全擦干
Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried
擠奶員戴橡膠手套
Rubber gloves on milker
應用奶杯
Apply milking claw 從程序2至7應有60—90秒
Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds
避免過度擠奶 Avoid over-milking
浸泡乳頭可以傳送排乳信號
Teat dip post milking · 檢驗并套上擠奶器 Test and maintain milking machines · 在干乳期，每頭奶牛的每個乳區都要干燥 Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off · 淘汰慢性感染牛只 Cull chronically infected cows · 治療所有的臨床性乳房炎病例 Treat all cases of clinical mastitis · 隔離所有的感染牛只及其牛乳 Isolate all infected cows and milk last · 擠感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯 Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows · 保持一個封閉的牛群 Maintain a closed herd