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標(biāo)題: 有針對(duì)性的營養(yǎng)去幫助小豬腸道發(fā)育Targeted nutrition to help piglet gut develop... [打印本頁]

作者: zhou7550 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 10:24
標(biāo)題: 有針對(duì)性的營養(yǎng)去幫助小豬腸道發(fā)育Targeted nutrition to help piglet gut develop...
可以看出現(xiàn)在對(duì)于腸道健康認(rèn)識(shí)越來越重視，特別是對(duì)于幼小動(dòng)物（雛雞、乳豬斷奶仔豬等），飼料更換、斷奶應(yīng)急等都可能引起腸道絨毛萎縮，從影響對(duì)飼料的消化吸收和利用，甚至引起拉稀等現(xiàn)象。
For a long time, the gut has been described as a simple organ with digestive functions such as motricity, enzyme secretion, digestion, absorption, and immunity. Research and technology have provided us with a better understanding of its functions, and today it is widely accepted that the gut has its own nervous system made up of 500 million nerve cells.
很長一段時(shí)間，腸道被描述成一個(gè)消化功能的簡單器官，比如驅(qū)動(dòng)（可能是蠕動(dòng)、分節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)、緊張性收縮）、內(nèi)源性酶分泌、消化、吸收和免疫力。其實(shí)通過現(xiàn)在研究和技術(shù)發(fā)展，人們已經(jīng)普遍認(rèn)識(shí)到動(dòng)物腸道是一個(gè)由5億神經(jīng)細(xì)胞組成的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。

Furness and others (1999) proposed that the intestine is in fact a sensory organ. The gut is able to perceive its internal environment and adapt to it autonomously without any interaction with the central nervous system. The scientific community has spoken of the ‘second brain’and ‘ gut-to-gut communication’. The gut has its own brain and autonomy.
事實(shí)上，腸道是一個(gè)感覺系統(tǒng)，腸道能夠感知腸道內(nèi)環(huán)境的變化并且自我調(diào)節(jié)的去適應(yīng)它，并且不會(huì)和中樞神經(jīng)有任何互動(dòng)，科學(xué)界報(bào)道它為“第二大腦”和“腸與腸交流系統(tǒng)”，腸道有自身的大腦和自治能力。
The researchers demonstrated that the sweetener increases glucose, water and sodium absorption and acts on the epithelial structure by stimulating intestinal development. Six main elements are involved in these gut effect mechanisms: 甜味劑可以增加葡萄糖、水、鈉的吸收，還可作用于上皮結(jié)構(gòu)刺激腸道發(fā)育。對(duì)腸道影響主要有六種元素。
1. Enterocytes腸細(xì)胞
These cells constitute the vast majority (98%) of those lining the villus. They are involved in nutrient absorption.

2. SGLT1載體
Short for sodium/glucose co-transporter 1. This is a specific protein located on the cell membrane of enterocytes. It absorbs dietary glucose in the intestine.

3. Enteroendocrine cells腸內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞
These cells represent 1% of the cells lining the intestinal epithelium. They respond to changes in gut contents by releasing peptides. At least 20 different endocrine cell subpopulations have been defined. We are interested in the enteroendocrine cell, which releases the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) hormone.

4. GLP-2胰高血糖素樣肽
Also known as glucagon-like peptide-2. This gut hormone produced by the enteroendocrine cell plays an essential role in vital processes including the control of intestinal growth, enhancement of intestinal nutrient absorption, gut motility and blood flow.
5. Sweet taste receptors甜味受體
The tongue recognises sweet tastes using a particular receptor that is expressed in lingual epithelium cells. This receptor is made of two subunits and is called T1R2+T1R3. Pancosma organised studies in cooperation with professor Dr Soraya Shirazi-Beechey at the University of Liverpool. These were the first to show that T1R2 and T1R3 are also expressed in the enteroendocrine cells of weaning piglet guts.

6. Enteric neurons腸神經(jīng)元
The enteric nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. It is made up of some hundred million neurons. It can operate independently of the central nervous system.
Physiological response生理反應(yīng)
Higher glucose absorption leads to an improved nutrition of the villi and the gut mucosa. The sweetener increases villi height and crypt depth. That means that the sweetener increases the intestinal absorption surface and cell renewal (see Table 1).
較高的葡糖吸收可以改善腸道絨毛和粘膜的營養(yǎng)。甜味劑可以增加腸道絨毛高度和隱窩深度，這就意味著甜味劑增加腸道吸收表面積和促進(jìn)細(xì)胞更新。
Water and sodium are absorbed along with glucose. Thanks to the higher level of water absorption, using the sweetener tends to reduce diarrhoea and prevent enteric disorders.水、鈉和葡萄糖的吸收，多虧高水平的水吸收，可以降低腹瀉和減少腸道紊亂疾病發(fā)生。
來自于：http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Nutrition/Feed-Additives

作者: zhou7550 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 11:02
本帖最后由 zhou7550 于 2013-9-5 11:11 編輯

GLP-2胰高血糖素像肽-2（這個(gè)地方可能翻譯有誤）
應(yīng)該是胰高血糖素樣肽

作者: 007畜牧 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 11:26

zhou7550 發(fā)表于 2013-9-5 11:02
GLP-2胰高血糖素像肽-2（這個(gè)地方可能翻譯有誤）
應(yīng)該是胰高血糖素樣肽

是的，在原文也改過來吧 Thanks to 翻譯成多虧，比較好吧？感謝周老師的學(xué)習(xí)精神，加油！

作者: zhou7550 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 14:01

007畜牧發(fā)表于 2013-9-5 11:26
是的，在原文也改過來吧 Thanks to 翻譯成多虧，比較好吧？感謝周老師的學(xué)習(xí)精神，加油！

謝謝提醒！我修改了

作者: 007畜牧 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 15:35
周老師，略微修改了一下，加紅標(biāo)注了，整體不錯(cuò)，加油

作者: zhou7550 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 15:45

007畜牧發(fā)表于 2013-9-5 15:35
周老師，略微修改了一下，加紅標(biāo)注了，整體不錯(cuò)，加油

看來還是多想您學(xué)習(xí)！我現(xiàn)在看英語確實(shí)挺費(fèi)力，

作者: 007畜牧 時(shí)間: 2013-9-5 15:46

zhou7550 發(fā)表于 2013-9-5 15:45
看來還是多想您學(xué)習(xí)！我現(xiàn)在看英語確實(shí)挺費(fèi)力，

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