葡萄球菌乳房炎 Staphylococcus Mastitis

ann

葡萄球菌

乳房炎

Staphylococcus Mastitis

Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt


Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling
病因/發病機理

Cause & Pathogenesis
葡萄球菌屬

• Staphylococcus aureus
• 傳染性——從一個感染牛經擠奶傳播給其他牛

Contagious – spread from one infected cow to another at milking
·
同時引起亞臨床和臨床性乳房炎
Causes both sub-clinical and clinical mastitis

• 治療效果不好

Response to treatment is poor
危險因素

Risk Factors·
帶菌牛只
Carrier cows
·
不正確的擠奶程序
Improper milking procedure
臨床癥狀
Clinical Findings臨床性乳房炎
Clinical Mastitis
急性乳房炎
Acute Mastitis

• 嚴重的全身癥狀
  Severe systemic signs
• 體溫升高
  Elevated temperature
• 厭食，精神萎靡，產奶量嚴重下降

Anorexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production
·
感染乳區熱、腫、痛
Hot swollen painful infected quarter

·
乳有顯著變化—絮片，凝塊，化膿或水樣
Gross changes in the milk – flakes, clots, purulent or watery
壞疽性乳房炎（藍袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)

• 非常嚴重的全身癥狀Very severe systemic signs
• 從熱乳區到冷乳區發展，變成藍色

Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration
·
如果奶牛幸存，在14天內形成區域性腐肉
Area sloughs in ~ 14 days if cow survives
慢性乳房炎
Chronic Mastitis·
細菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微膿腫，間歇性排出細菌
Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteria

• 間歇發作臨床性乳房炎

Intermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis
亞臨床性乳房炎
Sub-Clinical Mastitis·
乳無可視變化
No visible changes in the milk
·
所有乳房炎病例的90%是亞臨床性乳房炎（70%的經濟損失來自乳房炎）
90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)
·
在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亞臨床性乳房炎是最昂貴的疾病
Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows

• 體細胞計數高
  High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
• 可偶爾發作成臨床性乳房炎

May occasionally flare-up to clinical
診斷

Diagnosis·
根據臨床癥狀，SCC和臨床病例的細菌培養
Based on clinical signs, SCC and culture of clinical cases
鑒別診斷

Differential Diagnosis

• 無乳鏈球菌
  Streptococcus agalactiae
• 牛型支原體
  Mycoplasma bovis
• 引起環境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis

實驗室和病理學診斷Laboratory and Pathology

• 感染牛群中SCC高
  High SCC in infected herd
• 感染牛只SCC高
  Infected cows have high SCC
• 從臨床感染牛做乳細菌培養Culture milk from clinically infected cows
• 必須區分其他原因引起的乳房炎

Must differentiate from other causes of mastitis

• 大批乳桶細菌培養可作為篩選試驗

Bulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test
·
當細菌間歇性排出時，如果做一次培養可能發現不了細菌，
May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed
·
連續三次培養結果陰性，要求排除葡萄球菌
Three negative cultures on subsequent days required to rule out Staphylococcus
治療

Treatment

• 臨床病例用全身性抗生素和支持療法治療Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment

·
因感染的乳腺中遍布微膿腫，所以治愈率低，
Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland

• 預防是關鍵
  Prevention is the key

預后情況


Prognosis

• 很難治愈
  Poor for cure

后遺癥                 Sequelae

• 成為帶菌牛
  Carrier cows
• 產奶量的損失
  Loss of milk production

預防

Prevention & Control
阻止傳播是基本的預防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control擠奶程序和衛生設備
Milking Procedure and Sanitation

• 前浸泡

Pre-dip
2.
棄掉前幾把奶，檢查臨床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）
Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)

• 用一次性紙巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳

Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels
4.
如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒劑
Disinfectant in wash solution if used
5.
只洗臟的奶牛，洗后必須完全擦干
Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried

• 擠奶員戴橡膠手套

Rubber gloves on milker

• 應用奶杯

Apply milking claw
從程序2至7應有60—90秒
Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds

• 避免過度擠奶
  Avoid over-milking
• 浸泡乳頭可以傳送排乳信號

Teat dip post milking
·
檢驗并套上擠奶器
Test and maintain milking machines
·
在干乳期，每頭奶牛的每個乳區都要干燥
Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off
·
淘汰慢性感染牛只
Cull chronically infected cows
·
治療所有的臨床性乳房炎病例
Treat all cases of clinical mastitis
·
隔離所有的感染牛只及其牛乳
Isolate all infected cows and milk last
·
擠感染牛奶后，要消毒奶杯
Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows
·
保持一個封閉的牛群
Maintain a closed herd