高蛋白菜粕和普通菜粕對斷奶仔豬生長性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指標的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2165-2173

　　高蛋白菜粕和普通菜粕對斷奶仔豬生長性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指標的影響

　　C. K. Parr, Y. Liu, C. M. Parsons and H. H. Stein

　　本試驗研究了2個高蛋白菜粕（菜粕A，蛋白45.69%；菜粕B，蛋白46.97%）和一個普通菜粕（蛋白35.10%）對斷奶仔豬生長性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指標的影響。菜粕A和普通菜粕在飼料中的添加比例為10、20、30、40%，菜粕B的添加比例為10、20、30%。對照組日糧中無菜粕添加?？偣?2種日糧，12個處理。本試驗共420只仔豬（初始重：9.8±1.1kg），分為3個單元，隨機接受12個處理中的一個，每個處理8個重復，每個重復4-5頭豬。計算平均日增重、日均采食量和增重耗料比，并且在試驗結束時，每圈屠宰一頭仔豬，測定器官重、收集血樣、收集左腳第三和第四根掌骨。試驗結果表明隨著菜粕添加量的提高，日均采食量線性降低（P＜0.05）。日增重隨添加比例的上升呈二次曲線，最佳日增重為菜粕添加量10%或20%（P=0.06）。但是，增重耗料比隨菜粕A和普通菜粕的添加量增加而線性增加（P＜0.05）。飼喂菜粕B組的豬只肝臟重量隨菜粕的添加量增加而線性提高（P＜0.05），但是飼喂普通菜粕的豬只腎臟重量隨添加量的上升線性降低（P＜0.05）。隨菜粕A添加量的增加，豬只甲狀腺重量線性提高（P＜0.05）。菜粕的添加對心臟重和掌骨重無影響。三種菜粕的添加都能線性提高掌骨重的灰分含量。菜粕A和普通菜粕都能線性降低血清中三碘甲狀腺氨酸的水平（P＜0.05），添加菜粕A還能線性降低血清甲狀腺激素的含量（P＜0.05）。菜粕添加對血液中的血球數和尿素氮沒有顯著影響。總的來說，從斷奶后兩周開始，仔豬日糧中可以最高添加20%的高蛋白菜粕或普通菜粕，不會降低生長性能，也不會影響到器官、骨和血液指標。在一些特殊情形下，添加量還能增加。

　　No differences were observed for complete blood counts or blood urea nitrogen if CM was added to the diets. In conclusion, up to 20% high-protein CM or CM-CV may be included in diets for weanling pigs from 2 wk postweaning without reducing growth performance or negatively affecting organ, bone, or blood parameters. In some instances, it may also be possible to use greater inclusion rates.

　　Effects of high-protein or conventional canola meal on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

　　C. K. Parr, Y. Liu, C. M. Parsons and H. H. Stein

　　An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of 2 high-protein canola meals (canola meal A [CMA]: 45.69% CP and canola meal B [CMB]: 46.97% CP) and a conventional canola meal (CM-CV: 35.10% CP) on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. Inclusion rates of canola meal (CM) in the diets were 10, 20, 30, or 40% for CMA and CM-CV, whereas inclusions were 10, 20, or 30% for CMB. A control diet containing no CM was also formulated. Therefore, 12 diets were used in this experiment. A total of 420 pigs (initial BW: 9.8 ± 1.1 kg) were divided into 3 blocks and randomly allotted to 1 of the 12 diets with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 4 or 5 pigs per pen. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated, and at the conclusion of the experiment, 1 pig in each pen was euthanized to allow measurements of organ weights, collection of blood, and collection of the third and fourth metacarpals from the left foot. Results indicate that ADFI was linearly (P < 0.05) decreased if inclusion of CMA, CMB, or CM-CV was increased. Average daily gain for pigs fed CMA tended to increase quadratically with the maximum response observed at 10 or 20% CM inclusion in the diet (P = 0.06). However, G:F was linearly (P < 0.05) increased by adding CMA or CM-CV to the diets. Liver weights were also linearly (P < 0.05) increased if pigs were fed diets containing CMB, but kidney weights were linearly (P < 0.05) decreased by the addition of CM-CV to the diets. Thyroid gland weights increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing CMA. No differences were observed in heart and bone weights if CM was added to the diets. Addition of any of the 3 CM linearly (P < 0.05) increased bone ash percentage in the metacarpals. Inclusion of CMA or CM-CV linearly (P < 0.05) decreased concentrations of serum triiodothyronine, and the inclusion of CMA also linearly (P < 0.05) decreased serum thyroxine concentrations. No differences were observed for complete blood counts or blood urea nitrogen if CM was added to the diets. In conclusion, up to 20% high-protein CM or CM-CV may be included in diets for weanling pigs from 2 wk postweaning without reducing growth performance or negatively affecting organ, bone, or blood parameters. In some instances, it may also be possible to use greater inclusion rates。
文章由上海亙泰企業提供。