日糧料型和配方對育肥豬生長性能、胴體重和胴體脂肪碘值的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(9): 4486-4499
　　日糧料型和配方對育肥豬生長性能、胴體重和胴體脂肪碘值的影響
　　J. E.Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey和J. C. Woodworth


　　本論文通過兩個動物試驗研究制粒、日糧配方（脂肪和纖維含量）對育肥豬生長性能、胴體產量和胴體脂肪碘值的影響。每個試驗選用288頭育肥豬（初始體重分別為49.6和48.5kg），試驗為2×3雙因子試驗設計。試驗一，試驗設計為2種日糧類型（粉料，顆粒料），飼養方案包括：1）低纖維-低脂肪日糧，玉米豆粕型，0-81d；2）0-64d，高纖維-高脂肪日糧，30%DDGS，19%次粉，65-81d為低纖維低脂日糧；3）0-81d，高纖維-高脂肪日糧。與粉料相比，顆粒料能顯著提高日增重和增重耗料比（P＜0.05）。顆粒料能顯著增加腹脂碘值（2.9mg/kg），在全期飼喂高纖維高脂日糧下碘值增加更多（互作，P＜0.05）。與其它兩組相比，低纖維低脂日糧改善了增重耗料比（P＜0.001）。與全期飼喂高脂高纖維日糧相比，全期或后16天飼喂低脂低纖維日糧能顯著提高胴體重（P＜0.001）。

試驗二，試驗主因子包括日糧料型（粉料，顆粒料），日糧配方：1）玉米豆粕型，對照組；2）對照組添加30%DDGS和19%次粉；3）對照組中添加3%玉米油。預計玉米油組與DDGS組豬只胴體脂肪碘值相近。與粉料相比，飼喂顆粒料顯著（P＜0.05）增加日增重，飼料轉化率和腹脂碘值（1.3mg/kg）。與對照組和玉米油組相比，DDGS-次粉組降低了日增重、胴體產量和活胴體重（P＜0.05）。與玉米油組相比，DDGS-次粉組飼料轉化率顯著提高（P＜0.001）。DDGS-次粉組豬只腹脂碘值最高，玉米油組次之，對照組最低。總之，飼料制粒能改善日增重（約3%）和飼料轉化率（約6%），并且此試驗發現育肥豬飼喂顆粒料會提高腹脂碘值。

　　Effects of diet form and type on growth performance, carcass yield, and iodine value of finishing pigs

　　J. E. Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey and J. C. Woodworth

　　Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pelleting, diet type (fat and fiber level), and withdrawal of dietary fiber and fat before marketing on growth performance, carcass yield, and carcass fat iodine value (IV) of finishing pigs. Each experiment used 288 pigs (initially 49.6 and 48.5 kg BW, respectively) with 6 dietary treatments arranged as 2 × 3 factorials. In Exp. 1, main effects were diet form (meal vs. pellet) and diet regimen. Diet regimens were 1) a low-fiber, low-fat (corn–soybean meal) diet from d 0 to 81, 2) a high-fiber, high-fat (30% dried distillers grains with solubles [DDGS] and 19% wheat middlings [midds]) diet from d 0 to 64 followed by the low-fiber, low-fat diet from d 64 to 81 (fiber and fat withdrawal), and 3) the high-fiber, high-fat diet fed from d 0 to 81. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with those fed meal diets. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased belly fat IV (2.9 mg/g) compared with those fed meal diets, with a greater increase when fed high-fiber, high-fat diets throughout the entire study (interaction, P < 0.05). Pigs fed the low-fiber, low-fat diet throughout had increased (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the other 2 treatments. Pigs fed low-fiber, low-fat diets throughout the study or pigs withdrawn from high-fiber, high-fat diets had increased (P < 0.001) carcass yield compared with pigs fed high-fiber, high-fat diets throughout. In Exp. 2, treatment main effects were diet form (meal vs. pellet) and diet type (corn–soybean meal–based control, the control with 30% DDGS and 19% midds, or the control diet with 3% corn oil). The diet containing corn oil was calculated to produce carcass fat IV similar to diets containing DDGS and midds. Overall, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and belly fat IV (1.3 mg/g) compared with those fed meal diets. Pigs fed the diets containing DDGS and midds had decreased (P < 0.05) ADG, carcass yield, and HCW compared with pigs fed the control or corn oil diets and decreased (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed added corn oil. Belly IV was greatest (P < 0.001) for pigs fed diets with DDGS and midds and lowest for pigs fed the control diet, with pigs fed the corn oil diets intermediate. In conclusion, pelleting diets improves pig ADG (approximately 3%) and G:F (approximately 6%); however, a novel finding of this study is that pelleting diets fed to finishing pigs also increases belly fat IV。
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