補充維生素D對母豬生產性能、血漿中維生素代謝產物和新生仔豬肌肉特性的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(11):4629-4642
　　補充維生素D對母豬生產性能、血漿中維生素代謝產物和新生仔豬肌肉特性的影響

　　J. R. Flohr, J. C. Woodworth, J. R.Bergstrom, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband 和 J. M. DeRouchey

　　試驗一為期30天，選取56頭妊娠母豬（PIC 1050；受精后35天）進行試驗來探究增加日糧中維生素D3濃度后母豬血漿內25(OH)D3的變化情況。試驗母豬隨機分至7種不同D3含量（每公斤日糧分別添加200、800、1600、3200、6400、12800、25600IU的D3）的處理組，每個處理8頭豬。

　　隨著日糧中D3濃度的增加，血漿中25(OH)D3的含量按以下預測方程變化：血漿中25(OH)D3濃度（ng/mL）=35.1746 + (0.002353× 日糧D3含量, IU/d) −(0.0000000156 × 日糧中D3含量2, IU/d)。試驗2選取112頭母豬及其幼崽進行試驗，旨在探究日糧維生素D對母豬生產性能、哺乳期間仔豬生長性能、新生仔豬骨骼與肌肉特性、血漿中維生素代謝產物的影響。母豬配種3-5天后分配至4個處理組中，維生素D添加量分別為：每公斤800、2000、9600IU的D3或每公斤50 μg 的 25(OH)D3，每個處理25-27頭母豬。隨著母豬日糧中D3含量增加，母豬妊娠100天、分娩和斷奶時血漿中25(OH)D3濃度均增加（線性，P = 0.001）。

　　母豬日糧中D3含量的增加會提高仔豬出生（線性，P=0.001）和斷奶時（二次的，P = 0.033）血漿25(OH)D3的濃度。飼喂50ug25(OH)D3/kg日糧的母豬妊娠100天、分娩和斷奶時血漿25(OH)D3的濃度處在2000 IU D3/kg和9600 IU D3/kg兩組之間。飼喂50ug 25(OH)D3/kg日糧的母豬幼崽相較飼喂2000 IUD3/kg日糧的母豬幼崽其血漿中25(OH)D3含量更高，但在斷奶時，二組幼崽血漿中25(OH)D3濃度接近。在出生和斷奶時，飼喂9600IU D3/kg日糧的母豬幼崽相較飼喂50ug 25(OH)D3/kg日糧的母豬幼崽其血漿中25(OH)D3的濃度更高（P = 0.011）。

　　母豬生產性能、仔豬性狀、新生仔豬骨骼灰分含量和肌肉纖維特性受日糧維生素D含量影響極大。總的來說，D3和25(OH)D3在增加血漿 中25(OH)D3濃度方面都是有效的。為使血漿中25(OH)D3達到相似水平，相較直接飼喂25(OH)D3，飼喂D3時需耗費更多添加量（以等價的IU為基礎）。正如斷奶仔豬血漿中25(OH)D3的濃度數據所示，哺乳期母豬VD的添加量（而不是VD的形式）對母乳中VD的影響更大。

　　Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation: I. Sow performance, serum vitamin metabolites, and neonatal muscle characteristics

　　J. R. Flohr, J. C. Woodworth, J. R.Bergstrom, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband and J. M. DeRouchey

　　In Exp. 1, 56 gestating sows (PIC 1050; 35d post insemination) were used in a 30-d trial to determine serum 25(OH)D3 response to increasing concentrations of dietary vitamin D3. Sows were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary D3 treatments (200, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400,12,800, or 25,600 IU of added D3 per kilogram of complete diet) with 8 sows per treatment. Increasing D3 increased (quadratic; P < 0.001) serum 25(OH)D3 with the response depicted by the prediction equation: serum 25(OH)D3, ng/mL =35.1746 + (0.002353 × dietary D3, IU/d) &#8722; (0.0000000156 × dietary D3, IU/d2). In Exp. 2, 112 sows and their litters were used to determine the effects ofdietary vitamin D regimen on sow performance, subsequent preweaning pig performance, neonatal bone and muscle characteristics, and serum vitamin metabolites. Sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments 3 to 5 d following breeding: 800, 2,000, or 9,600 IU of D3 per kilogram of the diet or 50 μg of 25(OH)D3 (2,000 IU of D3 equivalent from Hy-D, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) per kilogram of diet. There were 25 to 27 sows per treatment. Increasing dietary D3 increased (linear, P = 0.001) serum 25(OH)D3 of sows on d100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning. Increasing D3 in sow diets increased piglet serum 25(OH)D3 at birth (linear, P = 0.001) and weaning (quadratic, P = 0.033). Sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg had intermediate (P <0.004) serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations on d 100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning compared with sows fed 2,000 IU of D3/kg and sows fed 9,600 IU of D3/kg. Pigs from sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg had greater serum 25(OH)D3 compared with pigs from sows fed 2,000 IU of D3/kg, but at weaning, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were similar. Also, pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of D3/kg had greater (P = 0.011) serum 25(OH)D3 at birth and weaning compared with pigs from sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg. Maternal performance, litter characteristics, neonatal bone ash content, and neonatal muscle fiber characteristics were largely unaffected by the dietary vitamin D treatments. Overall, D3 and 25(OH)D3 are both useful at increasing serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, but more D3 (on an equivalent IU basis) is needed to achieve similar serum 25(OH)D3 responses compared with feeding 25(OH)D3. Concentration of maternal vitamin D supplementation in lactation impacted milk transfer of the vitamin more so than the form of the vitamin, as evidence by the weaned pig serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.


作者：李光燃  來源：豬營養國際論壇CSIS