后備母豬保育期飼養密度對其生長性能、生理機能和血液指標的影響

畜牧人小李

后備母豬保育期飼養密度對其生長性能、生理機能和血液指標的影響
S. R. Callahan, A. J. Cross, A. E.DeDecker, M. D. Lindemann and M. J. Estienne

　　本試驗旨在探究飼養密度對后備母豬在保育期的生長性能、生理機能和血液指標的影響。

　　設計一個3 × 3析因設計，從13組斷奶仔豬中按體型分為大、中、小挑選若干小母豬（n = 2537；體重= 5.6 ± 0.6 kg），按每圈養14、11或8頭分別形成頭均占地面積分別為0.15、0.19和0.27m2/頭。試驗豬只在第0天（斷奶當天）和第46天（保育期結束）進行稱重。

　　平均日增重受到飼養密度和豬只體型大小的交互作用（P = 0.04）。對于體型較大或中型的小母豬在最小飼養密度下的平均日增重比最高飼養密度下生活的同等體型小母豬要低（P < 0.05），但飼養密度對于小體型母豬來說影響不大（P> 0.05）。保育期的死亡率并沒有受到處理、體型或飼養面積×體型的影響，總起來看都在2.1%左右。每個組內選取若干頭小母豬（n=18/飼養密度處理組）在試驗的第6天和第43天采血進行全血細胞計數和血液化學分析。飼養密度最高組（0.15m2/頭）的小母豬的紅細胞分布廣度最大，網狀細胞的濃度和比例都是最低的（P < 0.01）。血鈣也受到處理的影響（P = 0.02），且飼養密度中低組小母豬的血鈣濃度比飼養密度高組小母豬的血鈣濃度更低（P < 0.05）。血漿皮質醇濃度并沒有受到處理×實驗天數的影響（P = 0.27）。各組試驗豬血漿中皮質醇濃度從第6天到第43天有所增加，但這是受時間周期的影響（P < 0.01）而不是處理差異導致的（P = 0.53）。

　　保育期內飼養密度降低會影響血液指標，導致大中體型的后備母豬表現出平均日增重的增加。后續的試驗將探究這些因素是否會影響母豬終生的生產能力以及壽命。


Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on growth, physiology, and hematology in replacement gilts
S. R. Callahan, A. J. Cross, A. E. DeDecker, M. D. Lindemann and M. J. Estienne

The objective was to determine effects of nursery group-size-floor space allowance on growth, physiology, and hematology of replacement gilts. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used where in gilts classified as large, medium, or small (n = 2537; BW = 5.6 ± 0.6kg) from 13 groups of weaned pigs were placed in pens of 14, 11, or 8 pigs resulting in floor space allowances of 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2/pig, respectively. Pigs were weighed on d 0 (weaning) and d 46 (exit from nursery). The ADG was affected by group-size-floor space allowance × pig size (P = 0.04). Large-and medium-size gilts allowed the most floor space had greater (P <0.05) ADG than similar size gilts allowed the least floor space but for smallsize gilts there was no effect (P > 0.05) of group size-floor space allowance. Mortality in the nursery was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, size, or treatment × size and overall was approximately 2.1%. Complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses were performed on samples collected at d 6 and 43 from a subsample of gilts (n = 18/group-size-floor space allowance) within a single group. The concentration (P < 0.01) and percentage (P = 0.03) of reticulocytes was the least and red blood cell distribution width the greatest (P < 0.01) in gilts allowed 0.15 m2 floor space (effects of treatment). Blood calcium was affected by treatment (P =0.02) and concentrations for gilts allowed the greatest and intermediate amounts of floor space were greater (P < 0.05) than for gilts allowed the least floor space. Serum concentrations of cortisol were not affected by treatment × day (P = 0.27). Cortisol concentrations increased from d 6 to d 43 in all groups and were affected by day (P < 0.01) but not treatment (P =0.53). Greater space allowance achieved by placing fewer pigs per pen in the nursery affected blood parameters and resulted in large- and medium-size replacement gilts displaying increased ADG. Further study will determine if these effects influence lifetime reproductive capacity and sow longevity.

來源：豬營養國際論壇CSIS

翻譯：李光燃