雙層圈舍對(duì)育肥豬的行為、生長(zhǎng)性能和屠體數(shù)據(jù)的影響

畜牧人小李

雙層圈舍對(duì)育肥豬的行為、生長(zhǎng)性能和屠體數(shù)據(jù)的影響

A. Bulens , S. Van Beirendonck, J. VanThielen, N. Buys and B. Driessen

　　現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)殖有這樣一個(gè)趨勢(shì)，就是在最小化飼養(yǎng)空間下盡量提高出欄重。在現(xiàn)有圈舍條件下，提高豬只飼養(yǎng)空間意味著每個(gè)圈內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)豬只數(shù)目的減少，這將會(huì)影響到豬場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。一個(gè)可能的解決方法是在現(xiàn)有圈舍上再建一層做成一個(gè)雙層圈舍，從而使得在總養(yǎng)殖數(shù)量不變的情況下每頭豬的圈舍空間增加。我們研究了在整個(gè)育肥期（30-110kg）使用這樣的雙層圈舍對(duì)育肥豬的行為、生長(zhǎng)性能和屠體數(shù)據(jù)的影響。總共444頭豬分配至正常圈舍的對(duì)照組（0.74 m2/頭）和雙層圈舍的試驗(yàn)組（0.99m2/頭）。料槽僅位于地面一層。結(jié)果表明圈舍容量的增加以及雙層圈舍的使用對(duì)豬只的行為有積極的影響，表現(xiàn)出豬間打斗行為變的更少（P < 0.0001）。而且，雙層圈舍內(nèi)的豬只更加喜臥（P =0.0007）且撞頭行為減少（P = 0.005），這表明豬只變的更加鎮(zhèn)靜。除此之外，雙層圈舍內(nèi)的豬只尾巴（P = 0.006）、耳朵（P = 0.008）和肩膀（P = 0.01）部位的感染更少。生長(zhǎng)性能并沒有多大改善（P> 0.05），但屠體數(shù)據(jù)表明雙層圈舍內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)豬只的白斑肝減少。這一結(jié)果可能與較低飼養(yǎng)密度導(dǎo)致的較低的疾病壓力有關(guān)。

　　綜述所述，雙層圈舍似乎對(duì)豬只的行為（根據(jù)群間打斗行為）有積極的影響，并且圈舍容量的增加似乎讓豬只更加鎮(zhèn)靜。然而，仍需進(jìn)一步開展雙層圈舍飼養(yǎng)更大體重豬只的試驗(yàn)，以此來探究這些額外空間在達(dá)到最低的空間需求量方面是否完全有價(jià)值。

A two-level pen for fattening pigs: Effects on behavior, performance, and post slaughter measurements
A. Bulens , S. Van Beirendonck, J. Van Thielen, N. Buys and B. Driessen

Concurrent with a tendency toward higher slaughter weights of fattening pigs, minimum requirements for space allowance are increasing. Allowing pigs more space in existing standard pens, however, leads to a decrease in the number of pigs per pen, which jeopardizes the economic viability of the pig farm. A possible solution includes creating a two-level pen by constructing a second level in an existing pen, to enable an increase in space allowance per pig with the same number of pigs. We investigated the effect of such a pen on the behavior, performance, and post slaughter results of fattening pigs during the entire fattening period (30 to 110 kg). A total of 444 pigs were distributed over standard control pens (0.74 m2/pig) and two-level pens (0.99 m2/pig). Feed was provided only in a trough at the ground level of the pen. The results show that the increased space allowance and choice of levels in two-level pens influenced the pigs’ behavior in a positive way, as they performed less manipulation of pen mates (P< 0.0001). Moreover, pigs lay down more (P = 0.0007) and showed less head knocking (P = 0.005) in two-level pens, suggesting that they were calmer. In line with the behavioral results, pigs in two-level pens had fewer lesions on tails (P = 0.006), ears (P = 0.008), and shoulders (P = 0.01). Growth performance was not affected (P > 0.05), but post slaughter measurements revealed fewer livers with white spots in pigs from two-level pens. This result might be related to lower disease pressure in pens with lower stocking densities. In conclusion, a two-level pen seemed to have positive effects on the behavior of pigs (in terms of pen mate manipulation) and the increase in space allowance seemed to make the pigs calmer. The use of the second level by heavier pigs should, however, be further studied to investigate whether this extra space could be fully counted for the minimal space requirements.

來源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇CSIS   翻譯：李光燃