日糧電解質(zhì)平衡對斷奶仔豬飼料誘食性及生長性能的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(6):2840-2848

　　日糧電解質(zhì)平衡對斷奶仔豬飼料誘食性及生長性能的影響

　　S. A. Guzmán-Pino , D. Solà-Oriol, R. Davin, E. G. Manzanilla和J. F. Pérez

　　本論文包括三個試驗(yàn)，共選用672頭斷奶仔豬（斷奶后21天，體重約13kg），研究日糧電解質(zhì)平衡（dEB，Na+K-Cl, 單位為mEq/kg日糧）對飼料偏好性及生長性能的影響。試驗(yàn)一，四個試驗(yàn)日糧能量相同，但是dEB值分別為16、133、152、269mEq/kg。日糧dEB值的調(diào)節(jié)通過添加不同水平氯化鈣、碳酸鈣、碳酸氫鈉實(shí)現(xiàn)。與269mEq/kg日糧組相比，飼喂dEB值為16和133mEq/kg日糧時，豬只日增重（P＜0.04）和末重（P＜0.04）更高，并且粗蛋白和鋅表觀全腸道消化率更高（P＜0.05）。與其他組相比，16 mEq/kg日糧組豬只血中總CO2（P＜0.01）、碳酸氫根（P＜0.01）、堿過剩（P＜0.02）濃度均有降低。試驗(yàn)二和試驗(yàn)三配制了三種日糧：日糧dEB值分別為-16、151、338mEq/kg。試驗(yàn)二中，–16 mEq/kg日糧組比388 mEq/kg日糧組采食量（P=0.03）、體重（P=0.02）、日增重（P＜0.001）、增重耗料比（P＜0.01）更好。此實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后繼續(xù)通過雙料槽試驗(yàn)研究豬只對不同dEB值日糧的短期（30分鐘）偏好性。無論前一試驗(yàn)飼喂何種飼料，與-16 mEq/kg日糧相比，仔豬更喜歡采食388 mEq/kg日糧（P＜0.001）。同樣與-16 mEq/kg日糧相比，仔豬更喜歡151 mEq/kg 日糧。試驗(yàn)三評估了–16和388 mEq/kg日糧的長期偏好性和短期采食量。與試驗(yàn)二結(jié)果相似，在長期偏好性試驗(yàn)（14天）和短期采食量試驗(yàn)中（2小時，每圈一個料槽），388 mEq/kg日糧采食都要比–16mEq/kg日糧更高。在有選擇的情況下，無論是短期的、長期的偏好性試驗(yàn)，亦或是短期的采食量試驗(yàn)，豬只更喜歡采食高dEB值日糧，表明豬只不會選擇會使生長性能最佳的日糧。

　　Influence of dietary electrolyte balance on feed preference and growth performance of postweaned piglets

　　S. A. Guzmán-Pino , D. Solà-Oriol, R. Davin, E. G. Manzanilla and J. F. Pérez

　　A total of 672 male and female piglets (21 d postweaning; approximately 13 kg BW) were selected to be used in 3 different experiments to assess the influence of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB; Na + K – Cl, in mEq/kg of diet) on feed preference and growth performance. In Exp. 1, piglets were fed 4 isoenergetic diets differing in dEB level: 16, 133, 152, and 269 mEq/kg diets. Changes on dEB were obtained by changing the levels of sodium and chloride with calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Piglets fed the 16 and 133 mEq/kg diets achieved a greater ADG (P < 0.04), BW (P < 0.04), and apparent total-tract digestibility of CP and Zn (P < 0.05) than did piglets fed the 269 mEq/kg diet. The 16 mEq/kg level also reduced blood total CO2 (P < 0.01), bicarbonate (P < 0.01), and base excess (P < 0.02) concentrations compared with the rest of the dietary treatments. Three diets differing in dEB were designed for Exp. 2 and 3: –16, 151, and 388 mEq/kg diets. In Exp. 2, greater ADFI (P = 0.03), BW (P = 0.02), ADG (P < 0.001), and G:F (P < 0.01) were observed for piglets fed the –16 mEq/kg diet than those fed the 388 mEq/kg diet. Subsequently, their short-term preference for these diets was assessed by using a 2-d choice-test protocol (30 min). Piglets preferred (P < 0.001) the 388 mEq/kg diet to the –16 mEq/kg diet, independently of the dietary treatment they received before. Pigs also preferred (P < 0.001) the 151 mEq/kg diet when compared with the –16 mEq/kg diet. Experiment 3 assessed the long-term preference and short-term consumption of the –16 and 388 mEq/kg diets. Similar to Exp. 2, animals showed a greater (P < 0.001) intake of the 388 mEq/kg diet than they did of the –16 mEq/kg diet during both the preference (14 d) and 1-feeder (2 h) tests conducted. Results show that low rather than high dEB levels optimize growth performance of piglets. When they have the opportunity to choose, piglets are unable to select the diet that optimizes their performance, either in short- or in long-term preference tests, showing also a greater short-term consumption of high instead of low dEB levels。
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