育肥豬屠宰前短期飼喂添加脂肪或DDGS對生長性能和屠體品質的影響

畜牧人小李

育肥豬屠宰前短期飼喂添加脂肪或DDGS對生長性能和屠體品質的影響
K. F. Coble, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach,S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband and J. C. Woodworth

　　對于飼喂低纖維玉米-豆粕日糧的豬只來說日糧中添加脂肪已被證明可以增加熱胴體重和屠宰率，而對于飼喂高纖維低能量日糧的豬只，添加脂肪對其相應指標的影響我們知之甚少。我們知道屠宰前的三周內飼喂高纖維日糧對屠宰率具有負面作用，而日糧脂肪對其具有十分重要的緩解作用。

　　本試驗的目的就是為了探究屠宰前飼喂30% DDGS和添加5%脂肪對生長性能和屠體品質的影響。本試驗選用1258頭豬（初始重為105.8±0.1 kg；組一為PIC 337 × 1,050；組二為PIC 327 × 1,050）分為兩組，飼喂20天。所有豬只均飼喂含30%DDGS的普通日糧直到屠宰前20天結束。然后，所有豬只稱重后分配到各處理中，每個處理20個圈舍作為重復。各處理依據日糧類型（含30%DDGS的玉米-豆粕日糧或不含DDGS的玉米-豆粕日糧）和脂肪的添加量（零添加或添加5%；組一添加牛脂；組二添加精選白色動物油脂）按2×2析因設計進行分組。將日糧配方的標準回腸消化率賴氨酸凈能比調整一致。在任何指標都沒有發現處理×組間的交互作用。因此可將兩個組的數據結合起來進行統計分析。

　　總的來說，日糧類型×脂肪添加兩個處理對平均日增重有影響的趨勢性（P = 0.054），而對肉料比的影響則是顯著的（P =0.008）。添加5%脂肪對含30%DDGS日糧組豬只的平均日增重和肉料比的提高幅度（分別是8.6%和10.4%）比玉米-豆粕日糧組豬只相應指標的提高幅度（分別是2%和2.9%）要高。盡管日糧類型并沒有影響最終活體重，但飼喂含DDGS日糧的仔豬降低了熱屠體重和屠宰率（P < 0.05）。添加5%脂肪并沒有影響屠宰率。總的來說，屠宰前20天左右，含有30%DDGS的育肥豬日糧中添加5%脂肪改善了平均日增重和肉料比，但并不能改善飼喂DDGS帶來的屠宰率的下降。


Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and added fat fed immediately before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs
K. F. Coble, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach,S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband and J. C. Woodworth

The addition of dietary fat has been shown to increase HCW and carcass yield in pigs fed low-fiber corn-soy diets; however,data on added fat in high-fiber, low-energy diets is less available. Therefore, the potential for dietary fat to ameliorate the negative effect high-fiber diets have on carcass yield during the last 3 wk before slaughter is of high importance. This experiment was conducted to determine the interactive effects of 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat fed before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 1,258 pigs in 2 groups (initially 105.8 ± 0.1 kg BW; group 1 PIC 337 × 1,050; group 2 PIC 327 × 1,050) were used in a 20-d experiment. All pigs were fed a common diet with 30% DDGS until 20 d before slaughter. Then, all pens were weighed and allotted to treatments with 20 replicate pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 diet types (corn-soybean meal–based with or without 30% DDGS) and added fat (0 or 5%; group 1 = tallow; group 2 =choice white grease). Diets were formulated to a constant standardized ileal digestible Lys:NE ratio. There were no treatment × group interactions for any response criteria. Thus, data for the 2 groups were combined for analysis. Overall, there was a tendency for a diet type × added fat interaction for ADG(P = 0.054), whereas this was significant for G:F (P = 0.008). This was aresult of 5% added fat increasing ADG and G:F to a greater magnitude for pigs fed the diet containing 30% DDGS (8.6 and 10.4%, respectively) than for pigs fed the corn-soy diet (2.0 and 2.9%, respectively). Although diet type did not affect final live BW, pigs fed the diet containing DDGS had decreased HCW and carcass yield (P < 0.05). Adding 5% fat did not affect carcass yield. In conclusion, adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G:F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS.

翻譯: 李光燃    來源： 豬營養國際論壇CSIS

與風同塵